Xains Info: December 2008

PENGARUH pH DAN SUHU UMP AN PADA SUHU PROSES ADSORPSI 32PDAN 1311DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAP A

The using of active carbon of coconut shell for adsorbing 32Pand 1311was based on the abundancy and cost of coconuts in Indonesia. Therefore, the influence of pH and temperature of feed solution on ability of active carbon of coconut shell adsorbing 32Pand 1311 has been studied. The -100+80 mesh coconut shell carbon was heated at 6000 C for 2 hours and activated with 1.75M of HN03 solution for 25 hours. Carbon was dried at 1200C for 1 hour. pH of solutions that consist of 0.5 g active carbon and 10 ml32P or 1311were varied on 5, 6,7,8 and 9.200 ul effluent form each sample was dried and counted by GM. Similar steps was done in varying feed temperatures on 400 C, 550C, 700C, and 850 C. The result of study shows that pH and feed temperature affect the adsorption of 32P and 1311.Adsorption decreases with increaasing of acidity or basidity of feed. So that, pH 7 of feed is the optimum pH. Adsorption also decreases with temperature increasing. The temperature of feed which gives the maximum Decontamination Factor (OF) is 270C. The Anion Exchange Capacity of coconut shell is very low compared to theoritical anion exchange capacity of resin. Keywords: pH, temperature, adsorption, active carbon, coconutSusetyo Hario Plltera, Widya Rosita; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gajah Mada Diah Hidayanti S. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION PATTERN IN DISEASE VECTOR CONTOL PROGRAM IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES.

In general, it can be stated that the failure of community participation in vector control due to the short of appreciation toward local community leader roles and the existing social values, or even because of inadequate health education performance. In Sri Lanka, one of the problems was that the communities were not got proper knowledge about epidemiology and ecology related to the issue, even worse it had also affected the other health program activies. In Puerto Rico, it was clear that the longterm community support was very crucial, and top-down aproach was not effective. In this country, community-based health education had been developed, and they were encouraged to be responsible toward vector control activities in their own environment. In China, community become more cooperated in mosquitoe control after using fish predator Clarias fuscus, because it can be eaten or saleable. The key success of community participation in Singapore,wass the availability of government regulation and its strict law enforcement, health personnel were responsible for health education, but they were also capable of become law enforcer. In Thailand, vector control program become more successful after involving several related parties, such as schools, nongovernment organizations, and the local governments. Whereas in Indonesia, the vector control program was done by implementing integrated and partnership approaches. Key words: communihJ, control, participation, vector. Hendro Martono Badan Litbangkes, Depkes, Jakarta

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI MATERIALMILLINGSTONE SEBAGAI MATRIKS BETON

Have been conducted the making of concrete material based on industrial waste as matrix (millingstone, solid mineral waste from cement industnJ). The concrete making procedure was conducted by mixing cement Portland, sand (aggregate), millings tone, and water as mixer. Concrete volume composition variable respectively, that is 1:1:6, 1:1:7, 1:1:8, 1:2:5, 1:2:7, and 1:0:7 % vol. After all material composition mixed, the density target is 2 glcm3 (structural density concrete) and aging process was done during 28 days at room temperature (according to construction standard). Concrete making was conducted by tamping flat method. Then it pressed (at room ten/perature) to homogenize and enlarge the contact of surface area among compiler material. Hereinafter the concrete was tested by compressive strength test, both under normal circumstances and after flammable test during 1hour based on SNI 036815-2002 standard and physical test that is density and water absorption measurement. Obtained based on the test result, the densihj value is 1.98 - 2.06 glcm3, water absorption is 7.62 - 8.21 % (without significant shrinkage), and compressive strength is 6890 -10671 kN/m2. Keywords: Industrial mineral waste, millings tone material, cement, concrete, tamping flat. Deni S. Khaerlldini, Mllljadi, Anggito P. Tetllko, dan P. Sebayang Pusat Penelitian Fisika - LIPI, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang

The trend of using laptop in students, especially in FKM VI is increase.

The trend of using laptop in students, especially in FKM VI is increase. Price of a laptop is become low and still has complete fitures. High intensity of using laptop in students is risky and can occur of health effect. Therefor, this study was conducted to know the health problem in students who using laptop. This study uses cross-sectional design. Samples are students using laptop in campus, the number is 100 with simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaires, interview, and observation. The results show that 97% felt of health effect. The parts of body that have health effect (pain) are neck, eye, shoulder, up of back, and carpal. Only a few of samples have pain in foot. 91.8% of samples who felt health effect have high risk condition when using laptop. Suggestion for students is using laptop with follow the it's function and ergonomics procedures and for laptop manufacturers is complete their products with safety and ergonomic guidance for using laptop. Keywords: laptop, health, ergonomics. Hendra, Devie Fitri Octaviani Departemen K-3, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI SIMULASI DALAM PENGEMBANGANPESAWATUDARA

Makalah ini mengulas -secara global- penerapan teknologi simulasi pada wahana transportasi; khususnya pengembangan pesawat udara N250 dan CN235 serta ilustrasi singkat perluasan segmen aplikasi yang merupakan lontaran (spin-off) dari teknologi simulasi pesawat udara yang terakumulasi di PT Dirgantara Indonesia. Kandungan teknologi dan rekayasa pengembangan simulator maupun uji-simulasi untuk menunjang validasi rancang-bangun produk/ wahana, dibahas implementasinya. Teknologi simulasi terbukti merupakan metodologi yang handal, cost-effective untuk memenuhi kebutuhan prediksi dan investigasi karakteristik sistim dinamik. Namun demikian, kadar realitas (sense of realism) simulasi yang dihasilkan bergantung kepada representasi dan kompleksitas sistim simulator yang dipergunakan. Katakunci : design validation-tool, training-aid, pilot-aircraft compatibility, pilot-intheloop simulation, closed-loop handling qualities, parameter trade-off study, simulation fidelity, spin-off, cost-effective. Koento H. Baiquni; Pusat Uji Terbang, PT Oirgantara Indonesia. JI. Pajajaran 154, Bandung 40174. e-mail: baiquni@indonesaian-aerospace.com

SISTEM TRANSPORT AS I UDARA DIINDONESIA: KONDISI TERKINI, TANTANGAN, DAN PELUANG DI MASA DEPAN

Information paper ini secara umum memberikan gambaran tentang timbulnya berbagai kecenderungan yang terjadi di dunia penerbangan, yang menuntut konsekuensi keselarasan / harmonisasi pada berbagai industri penerbangan (aviation industries) terkait; sekaligus mengajak berbagai pihak terkait untuk ikut berperan serta dan bersinergi dalam pembangunan transportasi udara di Indonesia, sesuai kompetensi dan ruang Iingkup bisnisnya. Fadli Soesilo; Departemen Perhubungan

FOOD POISONING TREND IN INDONESIA IN THE YEAR OF 2004 AND 2005.

In the period of 2004and 2005,food poisoning episodes and cases was increased, but that of fatality rate was declined. During 2004, it was recorded as many as 74 episodes with 5,948 cases occurred in 19 provinces in Indonesia. And in 2005, it was recorded 119 episodes with 7,649 cases occurred in 20 provinces. The number of death resulted from the outbreak in 2004 was 22 persons (CFR = 0.37 %), while that of in 2005 as many as 9 persons (CFR= 0.12 %). In 2004, the highest episode frequency of food poisoning was in August with 12 episodes (16,22 %), 1,218 cases equal to 20.48 % out of all cases in the year. Whereas in 2005, the highest one was occurred in June with 18 episodes (15.13 %) and 1,583 cases equal to 20.69 % out of all cases in the year. In the stand point of its distribution, in 2004, the highest frequency of food poisoning episodes was occurred in East Java Province with 22 episodes (29.73 %), but in 2005 the highest one with 43 episodes (36.13%) was occurred in West Java Province. Most of the cases both in 2005 and 2005 were occurred in six provinces in Java Island, in 2004 with 57 episodes(77.03 %) and 4,517 cases (75.94%), whereas that of 2005with 88 episodes (73.95 %) with 6,145 cases (80.34 %). In 2004, as many as12 out of 14 laboratory tested-episodes (85.71 %) were food poisoning caused by biological agents, and that of 2005, as many as 2 out of 3 laboratory-tested episodes(66.66 %) were caused by this agents. Certain food stuffs such as buntek fish, bengaya fish, tangkil mushrooms, castor bean, and roay bean were also causing food poisoning in several areas. Hendro Martollo Badan Litbangkes Depkes, Jakarta

THE LESSON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION AND HEALTH EFFECT.

The EMF radiation of high voltage till now was the primary conflict in the elertrical power line, The lesson was conducted with the aim of illustration of result of research was meet on standard. Measurement of the electric fields of exposure location (0-50 meters) 0.34-2.2KV/m and magnetic fields 0.5-1.99/!T. The non exposure location (~500 meters) the electric fields~ 0.1KV/m and magnetic fields 0.3-0.64/!T.The health nuisance was conducted about physical nuisance and depression. The physical nuisance consist of: headaches, diziness, chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiac palpitations, sleep disturbance difficulty in concentrating nausea and digestive problems, tinnitus, facial burning, rashes muscle spasme, confusion, and depression, The conclussion of the review show the electric and magnetic fields from the exposure and non exposure location not meet recommendation of IRPA/WHO. Key words: Electric and magnetic fields, high voltage, health nuisance.Sukar; Puslitbang Ekologi dan Status Kesehatan, Balitbangkes, Dep. Kesehatan

MEDICAL INCINERATOR UNTUK PEMUSNAHAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT

Medical incinerator is a technical process destroying medical waste with controlled incineration so that produce the stable ash and friendly environmental gas emition. Medical incinerator has been constructed for medical waste destroying with combustion capacity 300 kg/h. About 19 % of the input (equivalent to 57 kg) is used as fuel and produce energy 0.265 GJ. Based on design calculation was determined complete combustion process (100 % excess air) at primary chamber which energy consumption is 1.253 GJ/h need air supply that is equivalent to 13.15 Nm3/minute and 33.2 L/h kerosene. While the secondary chamber needs 0.833 GJ/h which is equal to 23.5 L/h fuel. The air is supplied using a blower having 1.00kW power; a water pump with capacity 175 watt is used for stack gas cooling. To carry the gas emitted is needed the stack, with construction the dimension is 38 em in diameter and 12 m high, producing 7.5 m/second flue gas velocity. The gas emitted of the medical incinerator has been evaluated and considered safe for atmospheric disposal and the value of the gas emition is qualified for the emition standard as required. From economical aspect calculation was determined the operational cost of the incinerator is about Rp.1.150,-/kg medical waste. Keywords: Medical incinerator, medical waste, bltnling capacity, primanj chamber, secolldanj chamber, kerosene, gas emition, environmental, retention time, operational cost incinerator. P. Sebayang, Muljadi, Deni S. Khaerudini, Anggito PT Pusat Penelitian Fisika - LIPI Kawasan PUSPIPTEKSerpong Tangerang

THE LESSON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION OF THE HOME APPLIANCE AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND COMMUNITY HEALTH.

Counter effect about electro-magnetic field radiation still urgent to now.The conducted of the lesson was want to know about result of research was meet on standard. The data was collecting from research who correlation about radiation and health impacts. The electric fields of office high bulding and home around 1.7-5.75KV/m at in work and 1.73-5.8KV/m out of work. The magnetic fields at the same time around 0.02-1.8 IlT and 0.02-1.22 IlT. The highes measurement of magnetic fields on basement floor. In the non stage building office and home the same time the electric fields around 0,005-1.7KV/m and magnetic fields 0.016-8.3 IlT. The highes measurement of magnetic fields on microwaves oven, however the increase of measurement show the decrease of magnetic fields. The conclussion of the review show the electric and magnetic fields from the non ionizing radiation not was meet recommended IRPA/WHO. Key words: Electric and magnetic fields, indoor, office and home. 511kar Puslitbang Ekologi dan Status Kesehatan, Balitbangkes, Dep. Kesehatan

CHEMINAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR ADVANTAGES FOR CALCULATION OF CISADANE RIVER TREND QUALITY 2003-2005.

Cisadane River is one of the big rivers that crossing West Java and Banten Province. Cisadane Water Rivers has been used for drinking water resource. However, the pollutant loading in this river increase every day. Therefore, the investigation regarding to the water quality monitoring is important to carry out. The investigation was carried out in period of year 2003 - 2005. The investigation was carried out based on (1) The Class I of water quality criteria under the government regulation number 82/2001 and (2) calculation of Averages Score Per Taxon benthos. The grab method was applied in sampling for 14 locations stretched along the river at June and August. Those locations started from upper reaches to the down stream are Muara Jaya, Pancasan, karya Bhakti, Jasmin, Karihkil, Kranggan, Cilenggang, Ciheuni, Gading Serpong, Robinson, Pasar Baru, Bayur, Kelor and Kali Baru. Where, drinking water installation was built in Kranggan and Pasar Baru. The result of the investigation showed that Dissolve Oxygen was significantly decreased until less than 6 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) from Gading Serpong to Kelor and reached until 3 mg/L at Kali Baru. DHL (The conductivity) was increased until more than 500 S/cm at Kelor and Kali Baru. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was fluctuated from more than 2 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) until 10 mg/L (at Pasar Baru and KaIi Baru). The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was also fluctuated at all locations from more than 10 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) until 50 mg/L (at Pasar Baru). The NH3 was increased up to 25 mg/L in 2005. The highest value of P04 was found at Bayur as 0.2 mg/L and between 0.1- 0.2 mg/L at Kelor and Kali Baru. The MBAS(Detergent) value in almost all locations were more than 0.2 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) and was increased about 8 times than Water Quality Criteria in August 2005. Dissolved metal (Cu and Mn) was increased at the points from upper reaches to the down stream. The highest concentration of Cu was found as 10 ug/L at Bayur (Water Quality Criteria is 20 ug/L), Mn was found as 0.3 mg/L at Kali Baru (Water Quality Criteria is 0.1 mg/L). However, dissolved Pb metal was fluctuated up to 441 ug/L at Kelor in 2004 year. Number of total Coliform bacteria for all locations were found in range of 100,000 - close to 1,000,000 per sample. That was over than water quality criteria regulations as 1000 per 100 samples. Number of E. coli bacteria was decrease at the points from upper reaches to the down stream but was also over than criteria in regulations as 100 per 100 samples. Based on the average score Per taxon (ASPT)of bentos calculations, water quality criteria found at Muara Jaya was less interference, at Jasmin was middle interference and at kali Baru was heavy interference. From the result mentioned above, we concluded that Cisadane River (from upper reaches to the down stream) water quality was decreased during 2003-2005. Almost all values had over than the government regulation number 82/2001 (The Class I Water Quality Criteria) as like DO, COD, BOD, MBAS, total Coliform bacteria number, E. coli bacteria number and dissolved metal (Cu, Mn). Those parameters should have more attentions regarding to management of Cisadane River management in future. The tendency of water quality decline from upper reaches to down stream was contributed by calculation of average score per taxon of sensitive benthas as an L. •.dicator and both were mutually supported each other. Kay words: Chemical indicator, Biological indicator, Cisadane river quality. Sri Unon Purwati Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN DKI JAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREA.

Monitoring of ambient air quality such as Sulphur Dioxide (S02), Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) as well as metal content, was conducted from year 2001 up to 2006 for DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, in order to evaluate the present state of ambient air quality and its effect. The monitoring result of 5 (five) years showed that the air pollution in DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, motor vehicle is main sources for pollutant of Particulate Matter (PM) and Nitrogen Dioxide (N02). The phase out leaded gasoline program in DKI-Jakarta was successes to reduce the concentration of Lead (Pb) in the ambient air of Jakarta city area. The spatial distribution of air pollutant in DKI-JAKARTA was not clearly define the demography boundary of Jakarta area because t."l-te distribution of air pollutant are different every year, and U1ereis no peaceful place in DKI-JAKARTA for children specially, because air pollutant is distr-ibuted to the entire place in all Jakarta city area. To verify the present state of ambient air quality in DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, analysis of ambient and emission air was done in 2005 and 2006. Meteorological data of DKIJakarta area collected by Meteorological and Geophysical Institution (BMG)and also BPLHD-DKIby AQMS Instrument was furthermore analyzed and calculated by involving frequency distribution of wind speed and wind direction. As conclusion, almost 60% is calm condition. Evaluation for emission sources was necessary in order to understand the trend of emission to the atmosphere. Keywords: Sulfur diokside (502), Nitrogen diokside (N02), lead (Pb),frequency distribution, Calm. Esrom Hamonangan, Retno Pllji Lestari, Jetro Sitllmorang dan Lia Mlilianillgsih Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

BEHAVIOR OF DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE AS MODEL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANT IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.

The behavior of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) discharged from domestic wastewater into river water, sediment and submerged aquatic vegetation was investigated. The concentrations of DEHP were found to be between 8 - 25 ~g L-Iin river water, 1000 - 2000 ~g kg-I in sediment and less than 20 - 2000 ~g kg-I in submerged aquatic vegetation. The experiments performed in laboratory were on the biodegradation of DEHP in water and sediment, and also adsorption equilibrium of DEHP between water and sediment surface. The results obtained from the investigations made it clear that the high enrichment of DEHP from water to sediment was caused from not only its high adsorptive potential but also slow degradation in sediment. Higher enrichment of an organic pollutant, DEHP, was found in estuary sediment. The experiment in laboratory was performed to examine the effect of seawater and organic matter in sediment. The result showed that salting-ollt effect due to high salinity in seawater and organic matter in sediment contributed towards the increasing of distribution of DEHP between water and sediment. Key words: Behavior, DEHP, domestic waste water, distribution, sediment, salting-out effect, estuanj. Erini Yllwatini Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kemenh'ian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

EXISTENCE OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS) IN ENVIRONMENT.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that have been banned or prohibited for all purposes. Prohibiting of those compounds did not guarantee that those chemicals will not found in the environment. It's related to the persistency properties of POPs. In order to investigate the exixstent of POPs in the environment, PUSARPEDALKLH and The United Nation University (UNU) Japan has been cooperated to carry out environmental monitoring on POPs. River located in urban with dense population has been selected as target location. Samples were collected for river water, river sediment and river bank soil. Besides river in urban area, agrigultural area and location has tendency used to be aplicated with high frequency of POPs were also investigated. Related to the POPs management, Indonesia has signed Stockholm Convension. Environnlental monitoring on POPs was a kind of effort to support POPs management. All of POP compounds (Endrin, Dieldrin, Aldrin, HCB, Heptachlor, pt for toxaphene, PCB, Dioksin and Furan were analyzed as target compounds by using GCMS QP 2010. Monitoring result indicated that river located in urban area has more variative of POPs compared with agricultural area, with concentration range of 0.002 - 3.24 ppb in river water; 0.24-165ppb in river sediment ; and 0.34 - 154 ppb in river bank soil. In Agricultural area, only DOT and its derivated were detected with higher concentration than in urban area (3.91 ppb in water, 713 ppb in sedimen and 1282 ppb in soil). Possibility illegal using of POPs can not be ignored, therefore monitoring of POPs in the environment and surveillance to the illegal using of
POPs is neccessary to be executed. Increasing public awareness by education and canlpaign need to be done in order to minimize negative impact of POPs to the human being. Dewi Ratuauiugsih, Arum Prajauti, Nety Widayati, Heui P, Ytlsuefi Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan - Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup.

Neutrino Mass Matrix from Seesaw Mechanism with Heavy Majorana Mass Matrix Subject to Texture Zero and Invariant under a Cyclic Pemutation

We evaluate the invariant forms of the neutrino mass matrices which arise from the seesaw mechanism with heavy Majorana mass matrices subject to texture zero under a
cyclic permutation.  From eight possible patterns of the heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrices, we found that there is no heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix
invariant in form under a cyclic permutation.  But, by imposing an additional assumption that at least one of the 2x2 sub-matrices of the heavy Majorana neutrino
mass matrix inverse has zero determinant, we found that two of the heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrices have to be invariant under a cyclic permutation.  One of
these two invariant heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix can be used to explain the neutrino mixing phenomena for both solar and atmospheric neutrinos qualitatively.
Asan Damanik, Mirza Satriawan, Arief Hermanto and Pramudita Anggraita (J. Theor.Comput. Stud. 8 (2008) 0102)

PERSYARATAN TAMBAHAN ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 BAGI LABORATORIUM LINGKUNGAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMANTAUAN LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

Environmental monitoring is one of essential procedures in the cycle of the environmental management process. This is because the results from environmental monitoring provide basic information on the status, quality and conditions to enable design of environmental management strategies. However, the environmental monitoring conducted in Indonesia is considered inadequate to identity the occurrence of pollution or deterioration of environmental quality which is tending to increase throughout the country. This is caused by a few environmental laboratories which comply with the requirements to conduct environmental monitoring. Environmental laboratory is the laboratory that has the capability and authority to analyze environmental samples especially chemistry / physic/biology to support environmental management according to environmental laws. Based on the definition, environmental laboratory must be accredited according to ISO/lEC 17025: 2005 and to comply with the supplement requirement Bapedal Decree No. 113: 2000 regarding to general guidance and technical for environmental laboratory. So the environmental laboratory accredited can generate accurate, continuous, and reliable environmental monitoring data which are defensible in terms of environmental regulations and scientific knowledge. As a result, the assurance of high quality environmental data will be a cornerstone for environmental decisions which affect future generation. Keywords:Environmental monitoring, environmentallaboratonJ, accreditation, ISOIlEC 17025: 2005, Bapedal Decree No. 113: 2000. Anwar Hadi;Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

PEMANTAUAN TIMBAL (Pb) DI DAERAH SERPONG, PUSPIPTEK DAN SEKIT ARNYA

Pusarpedal-KLH monitored Lead (Pb) concentration in Serpong area from 2001 - 2004. The result was around 0.5-6 Ilg/m3 and average was 2.51Ilg/m3exceeded national ambient air quality standard (PP 41/1999), for 24 hour that is 21lg/m3 and also for annual that is 1Ilg/m3. The present condition of the high concentration of Pb in Serpong area was verified by the conducted measurement at 10 sampling points at around Puspiptek area, Kec. Serpong, Kec. Pagedangan, Kec. Pamulang and Kec. Gunung Sindur on January to February 2006. The result obtained was exceeded national ambient air standard at SD Setu Muncul (Pb concentration: 6.03 pg/m3), Batan Indah (Pb concentration: 3.79 pg/m3) and BSD Griya Loka (Pb concentration: 2.1 pg/m3). The Pb concentration in elementary school children blood was also monitored in Serpong and its surroundings. As result, Pb concentration in elementary school children blood Serpong elementary school children blood was ranged from 7-12 Ilg/ dl, with average concentration; SDN Setu 01 = 12.0 Ilg/ dl, SDN Puspiptek = 9.5 Ilg/ dl), SDN Kademangan = 7.1 Ilg/ dl, and SDN Batan = 7.5 Ilg/ dl. The Pb concentration in elementary school children blood in
Jakarta area was ranged from 2.1 - 6.1 Ilg/ dl. Standard specified by Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP)-USA is: 10 Ilg/ dl. The evaluations of meteorological data and emission source have been conducted, in order to understand the air pollution situation in Serpong area. Frequency distribution of wind speed and wind direction was calculated and conclude that 50-60% was calm condition, and the emission sources at Serpong and its surroundings in radius 30 s/ d 40 km. Key word: Pb, CDCP, ambient air quality standard, emission, meteorology, frequency distribution. Halimah Syafrul, Esro11lHamonangan, Retno Fuji Lestari, Emalya Rachmawati dan Ua Mulyaningsih Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

EXISTENCE OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS) IN ENVIRONMENT.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that have been banned or prohibited for all purposes. Prohibiting of those compounds did not guarantee that those chemicals will not found in the environment. It's related to the persistency properties of POPs. In order to investigate the exixstent of POPs in the environment, PUSARPEDALKLH and The United Nation University (UNU) Japan has been cooperated to carry out environmental monitoring on POPs. River located in urban with dense population has been selected as target location. Samples were collected for river water, river sediment and river bank soil. Besides river in urban area, agrigultural area and location has tendency used to be aplicated with high frequency of POPs were also investigated. Related to the POPs management, Indonesia has signed Stockholm Convension. Environnlental monitoring on POPs was a kind of effort to support POPs management. All of POP compounds (Endrin, Dieldrin, Aldrin, HCB, Heptachlor, Chlordane, Mirex, DOT and its derivates including pp-DDT, op-DDT, ppDDD, ppDDE) except for toxaphene, PCB, Dioksin and Furan were analyzed as target compounds by using GCMS QP 2010. Monitoring result indicated that river located in urban area has more variative of POPs compared with agricultural area, with concentration range of 0.002 - 3.24 ppb in river water; 0.24-165ppb in river sediment ; and 0.34 - 154 ppb in river bank soil. In Agricultural area, only DOT and its derivated were detected with higher concentration than in urban area (3.91 ppb in water, 713 ppb in sedimen and 1282 ppb in soil). Possibility illegal using of POPs can not be ignored, therefore monitoring of POPs in the environment and surveillance to the illegal using of
POPs is neccessary to be executed. Increasing public awareness by education and canlpaign need to be done in order to minimize negative impact of POPs to the human being. Key words: POPs, water, sediment, soil.Dewi Ratuauiugsih, Arum Prajauti, Nety Widayati, Heui P, Ytlsuefi Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan - Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup

BEHAVIOR OF DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE AS MODEL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANT IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.

The behavior of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) discharged from domestic wastewater into river water, sediment and submerged aquatic vegetation was investigated. The concentrations of DEHP were found to be between 8 - 25 ~g L-Iin river water, 1000 - 2000 ~g kg-I in sediment and less than 20 - 2000 ~g kg-I in submerged aquatic vegetation. The experiments performed in laboratory were on the biodegradation of DEHP in water and sediment, and also adsorption equilibrium of DEHP between water and sediment surface. The results obtained from the investigations made it clear that the high enrichment of DEHP from water to sediment was caused from not only its high adsorptive potential but also slow degradation in sediment. Higher enrichment of an organic pollutant, DEHP, was found in estuary sediment. The experiment in laboratory was performed to examine the effect of seawater and organic matter in sediment. The result showed that salting-ollt effect due to high salinity in seawater and organic matter in sediment contributed towards the increasing of distribution of DEHP between water and sediment. Key words: Behavior, DEHP, domestic waste water, distribution, sediment, salting-out effect, estuanj. Erini Yllwatini Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kemenh'ian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN DKI JAKARTA AND SURROUNDING AREA.

Monitoring of ambient air quality such as Sulphur Dioxide (S02), Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) as well as metal content, was conducted from year 2001 up to 2006 for DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, in order to evaluate the present state of ambient air quality and its effect. The monitoring result of 5 (five) years showed that the air pollution in DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, motor vehicle is main sources for pollutant of Particulate Matter (PM) and Nitrogen Dioxide (N02). The phase out leaded gasoline program in DKI-Jakarta was successes to reduce the concentration of Lead (Pb) in the ambient air of Jakarta city area. The spatial distribution of air pollutant in DKI-JAKARTA was not clearly define the demography boundary of Jakarta area because t."l-te distribution of air pollutant are different every year, and U1ereis no peaceful place in DKI-JAKARTA for children specially, because air pollutant is distr-ibuted to the entire place in all Jakarta city area. To verify the present state of ambient air quality in DKI-Jakarta and Tangerang area, analysis of ambient and emission air was done in 2005 and 2006. Meteorological data of DKIJakarta area collected by Meteorological and Geophysical Institution (BMG)and also BPLHD-DKI by AQMS Instrument was furthermore analyzed and calculated by involving frequency distribution of wind speed and wind direction. As conclusion, almost 60% is calm condition. Evaluation for emission sources was necessary in order to understand the trend of emission to the atmosphere. Keywords: Sulfur diokside (502), Nitrogen diokside (N02), lead (Pb),frequency distribution, Calm. Esrom Hamonangan, Retno Pllji Lestari, Jetro Sitllmorang dan Lia Mlilianillgsih Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup

CHEMINAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR ADVANTAGES FOR CALCULATION OF CISADANE RIVER TREND QUALITY 2003-2005.

Cisadane River is one of the big rivers that crossing West Java and Banten Province. Cisadane Water Rivers has been used for drinking water resource. However, the pollutant loading in this river increase every day. Therefore, the investigation regarding to the water quality monitoring is important to carry out. The investigation was carried out in period of year 2003 - 2005. The investigation was carried out based on (1) The Class I of water quality criteria under the government regulation number 82/2001 and (2) calculation of Averages Score Per Taxon benthos. The grab method was applied in sampling for 14 locations stretched along the river at June and August. Those locations started from upper reaches to the down stream are Muara Jaya, Pancasan, karya Bhakti, Jasmin, Karihkil, Kranggan, Cilenggang, Ciheuni, Gading Serpong, Robinson, Pasar Baru, Bayur, Kelor and Kali Baru. Where, drinking water installation was built in Kranggan and Pasar Baru. The result of the investigation showed that Dissolve Oxygen was significantly decreased until less than 6 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) from Gading Serpong to Kelor and reached until 3 mg/L at Kali Baru. DHL (The conductivity) was increased until more than 500 S/cm at Kelor and Kali Baru. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was fluctuated from more than 2 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) until 10 mg/L (at Pasar Baru and KaIi Baru). The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was also fluctuated at all locations from more than 10 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) until 50 mg/L (at Pasar Baru). The NH3 was increased up to 25 mg/L in 2005. The highest value of P04 was found at Bayur as 0.2 mg/L and between 0.1- 0.2 mg/L at Kelor and Kali Baru. The MBAS(Detergent) value in almost all locations were more than 0.2 mg/L (Water Quality Criteria) and was increased about 8 times than Water Quality Criteria in August 2005. Dissolved metal (Cu and Mn) was increased at the points from upper reaches to the down stream. The highest concentration of Cu was found as 10 ug/L at Bayur (Water Quality Criteria is 20 ug/L), Mn was found as 0.3 mg/L at Kali Baru (Water Quality Criteria is 0.1 mg/L). However, dissolved Pb metal was fluctuated up to 441 ug/L at Kelor in 2004 year. Number of total Coliform bacteria for all locations were found in range of 100,000 - close to 1,000,000 per sample. That was over than water quality criteria regulations as 1000 per 100 samples. Number of E. coli bacteria was decrease at the points from upper reaches to the down stream but was also over than criteria in regulations as 100 per 100 samples. Based on the average score Per taxon (ASPT)of bentos calculations, water quality criteria found at Muara Jaya was less interference, at Jasmin was middle interference and at kali Baru was heavy interference. From the result mentioned above, we concluded that Cisadane River (from upper reaches to the down stream) water quality was decreased during 2003-2005. Almost all values had over than the government regulation number 82/2001 (The Class I Water Quality Criteria) as like DO, COD, BOD, MBAS, total Coliform bacteria number, E. coli bacteria number and dissolved metal (Cu, Mn). Those parameters should have more attentions regarding to management of Cisadane River management in future. The tendency of water quality decline from upper reaches to down stream was contributed by calculation of average score per taxon of sensitive benthas as an L. •.dicator and both were mutually supported each other.Sri Unon Purwati Pusat Sarana Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan-Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup Kay words: Chemical indicator, Biological indicator, Cisadane river quality.

MEDICAL INCINERATOR UNTUK PEMUSNAHAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT

Medical incinerator is a technical process destroying medical waste with controlled incineration so that produce the stable ash and friendly environmental gas emition. Medical incinerator has been constructed for medical waste destroying with combustion capacity 300 kg/h. About 19 % of the input (equivalent to 57 kg) is used as fuel and produce energy 0.265 GJ. Based on design calculation was determined complete combustion process (100 % excess air) at primary chamber which energy consumption is 1.253 GJ/h need air supply that is equivalent to 13.15 Nm3/minute and 33.2 L/h kerosene. While the secondary chamber needs 0.833 GJ/h which is equal to 23.5 L/h fuel. The air is supplied using a blower having 1.00kW power; a water pump with capacity 175 watt is used for stack gas cooling. To carry the gas emitted is needed the stack, with construction the dimension is 38 em in diameter and 12 m high, producing 7.5 m/second flue gas velocity. The gas emitted of the medical incinerator has been evaluated and considered safe for atmospheric disposal and the value of the gas emition is qualified for the emition standard as required. From economical aspect calculation was determined the operational cost of the incinerator is about Rp.1.150,-/kg medical waste. Keywords: Medical incinerator, medical waste, bltnling capacity, primanj chamber, secolldanj chamber, kerosene, gas emition, environmental, retention time, operational cost incinerator.P. Sebayang, Muljadi, Deni S. Khaerudini, Anggito PT Pusat Penelitian Fisika - LIPI Kawasan PUSPIPTEKSerpong Tangerang

THE LESSON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION OF THE HOME APPLIANCE AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND COMMUNITY HEALTH.

Counter effect about electro-magnetic field radiation still urgent to now. The conducted of the lesson was want to know about result of research was meet on standard. The data was collecting from research who correlation about radiation and health impacts. The electric fields of office high bulding and home around 1.7-5.75KV/m at in work and 1.73-5.8KV/m out of work. The magnetic fields at the same time around 0.02-1.8 IlT and 0.02-1.22 IlT. The highes measurement of magnetic fields on basement floor. In the non stage building office and home the same time the electric fields around 0,005-1.7KV/m and magnetic fields 0.016-8.3 IlT. The highes measurement of magnetic fields on microwaves oven, however the increase of measurement show the decrease of magnetic fields. The conclussion of the review show the electric and magnetic fields from the non ionizing radiation not was meet recommended IRPA/WHO. Key words: Electric and magnetic fields, indoor, office and home. Sukar Puslitbang Ekologi dan Status Kesehatan, Balitbangkes, Dep. Kesehatan

MEDICAL INCINERATOR UNTUK PEMUSNAHAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT

Medical incinerator is a technical process destroying medical waste with controlled incinerationso that produce the stable ash and friendly environmental gas emition. Medical incinerator has been constructed for medical waste destroying with combustion capacity 300 kg/h. About 19 % of the input (equivalent to 57 kg) is used as fuel and produce energy 0.265 GJ. Based on design calculation was determined complete combustion process (100 % excess air) at primary chamber which energy consumption is 1.253 GJ/h need air supply that is equivalent to 13.15 Nm3/minute and 33.2 L/h kerosene. While the secondary chamber needs 0.833 GJ/h which is equal to 23.5 L/h fuel. The air is supplied using a blower having 1.00kW power; a water pump with capacity 175 watt is used for stack gas cooling. To carry the gas emitted is needed the stack, with construction the dimension is 38 em in diameter and 12 m high, producing 7.5 m/second flue gas velocity. The gas emitted of the medical incinerator has been evaluated and considered safe for atmospheric disposal and the value of the gas emition is qualified for the emition standard as required. From economical aspect calculation was determined the operational cost of the incinerator is about Rp.1.150,-/kg medical waste. Keywords: Medical incinerator, medical waste, bltnling capacity, primanj chamber, secolldanj chamber, kerosene, gas emition, environmental, retention time, operational cost incinerator. P. Sebayang, Muljadi, Deni S. Khaerudini, Anggito PT Pusat Penelitian Fisika - LIPI Kawasan PUSPIPTEKSerpong Tangerang

THE LESSON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION AND HEALTH EFFECT.

The EMF radiation of high voltage till now was the primary conflict in the elertrical power line, The lesson was conducted with the aim of illustration of result of research was meet on standard. Measurement of the electric fields of exposure location (0-50 meters) 0.34-2.2KV/m and magnetic fields 0.5-1.99/!T. The non exposure location (~500 meters) the electric fields~ 0.1KV/m and magnetic fields 0.3-0.64/!T.The health nuisance was conducted about physical nuisance and depression. The physical nuisance consist of: headaches, diziness, chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiac palpitations, sleep disturbance difficulty in concentrating nausea and digestive problems, tinnitus, facial burning, rashes muscle spasme, confusion, and depression, The conclussion of the review show the electric and magnetic fields from the exposure and non exposure location not meet recommendation of IRPA/WHO. Key words: Electric and magnetic fields, high voltage, health nuisance. Sukar Puslitbang Ekologi dan Status Kesehatan, Balitbangkes, Dep. Kesehatan

THE LESSON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION AND HEALTH EFFECT.

The EMF radiation of high voltage till now was the primary conflict in the elertrical power line, The lesson was conducted with the aim of illustration of result of research was meet on standard. Measurement of the electric fields of exposure location (0-50 meters) 0.34-2.2KV/m and magnetic fields 0.5-1.99/!T. The non exposure location (~500 meters) the electric fields~ 0.1KV/m and magnetic fields 0.3-0.64/!T.The health nuisance was conducted about physical nuisance and depression. The physical nuisance consist of: headaches, diziness, chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiac palpitations, sleep disturbance difficulty in concentrating nausea and digestive problems, tinnitus, facial burning, rashes muscle spasme, confusion, and depression, The conclussion of the review show the electric and magnetic fields from the exposure and non exposure location not meet recommendation of IRPA/WHO. Key words: Electric and magnetic fields, high voltage, health nuisance. Sukar Puslitbang Ekologi dan Status Kesehatan, Balitbangkes, Dep. Kesehatan

FOOD POISONING TREND IN INDONESIA IN THE YEAR OF 2004 AND 2005.

In the period of 2004and 2005,food poisoning episodes and cases was increased, but that of fatality rate was declined. During 2004, it was recorded as many as 74 episodes with 5,948 cases occurred in 19 provinces in Indonesia. And in 2005, it was recorded 119 episodes with 7,649 cases occurred in 20 provinces. The number of death resulted from the outbreak in 2004 was 22 persons (CFR = 0.37 %), while that of in 2005 as many as 9 persons (CFR= 0.12 %). In 2004, the highest episode frequency of food poisoning was in August with 12 episodes (16,22 %), 1,218 cases equal to 20.48 % out of all cases in the year. Whereas in 2005, the highest one was occurred in June with 18 episodes (15.13 %) and 1,583 cases equal to 20.69 % out of all cases in the year. In the stand point of its distribution, in 2004, the highest frequency of food poisoning episodes was occurred in East Java Province with 22 episodes (29.73 %), but in 2005 the highest one with 43 episodes (36.13%) was occurred in West Java Province. Most of the cases both in 2005 and 2005 were occurred in six provinces in Java Island, in 2004 with 57 episodes(77.03 %) and 4,517 cases (75.94%), whereas that of 2005with 88 episodes (73.95 %) with 6,145 cases (80.34 %). In 2004, as many as12 out of 14 laboratory tested-episodes (85.71 %) were food poisoning caused by biological agents, and that of 2005, as many as 2 out of 3 laboratory-tested episodes(66.66 %) were caused by this agents. Certain food stuffs such as buntek fish, bengaya fish, tangkil mushrooms, castor bean, and roay bean were also causing food poisoning in several areas. Hendro Martollo Badan Litbangkes Depkes, Jakarta

KARAKTERISASI NANOKOLOID TEKNESIUM(IV) OKSIDA HASIL IRADIASI BREMSSTRAHLUNG LARUT AN PERTEKNET AT

Technetium(IV) oxide colloids were radiolytically formed by r irradiation of aqueous solutions of
pertechnetate (TC04-). Pertechnetate solutions (2.6x10-5-2.9x10-4 M) were irradiated with bremsstrahlung from an electron linear accelerator at 40 and 17°C. The color of irradiated solutions gradually changed to brownish black, suggesting the formation of Tc(IV) oxide colloids. The colloid was characterized in terms of the charge, size, crystalline structure, composition and hydration number. Point of zero charge (pHO)observed by electrophoresis (moving boundary method) showed that Tc(IV) oxide colloids has pHo between 3 and 1.5. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the size of colloids distributed around 30 to 130nm in diameter. Observation of the TcOz·nHzO colloid by a high resolution TEM and an electron diffraction analysis of the colloid particles showed that the colloids produced by bremsstrahlung irradiation were amorphous. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) analysis of one colloid particle suggested the colloid was found to consist of technetium and oxygen. The hydration number of colloid determined by specific radioactivity measurement of Tc-99 gave n = 3. The results from the present experiments revealed that the radiolytic product is nanocolloids of Tc(IV) oxide and can be used as initial information for Tc immobilization in the environment. Keywords: Tec1l1letium-99, Radiation induced nanocol/oid, Bremsstrahlung irradiation. Muhammad Zakir, Alfiall Noor Laboratorium Kimia Radiasi, Jurusan KIMIA, FMIPA Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar TSlltomo Sekille Laboratory of Environmental Radiochemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578Japan

WASTE ORIENTED INNOVATION CULTURE-TRANSPARENCY-PUBLIC TRUST CYCLE: SUCCESS KEY FOR NUCLEAR FACILITY MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA.

Radioactive matter that is a primary material in a nuclear facility, including nuclear power generation, is a part of hazardous materials. Its existence will lead a controversy, although the precise management system for handling it is available. Public sometimes reject the nuclear technology due to the lack of understanding and wrong perception on that technology, especially the radioactive waste treatment. So, strategies should be designed for correcting public perception, until public acceptance on utilization of nuclear technology in Indonesia increase. The innovation development on radioactive waste management was studied by observing and interviewing managements and operators of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan. The constructing of concept was based on study result. Based on assumption that the current state of the radioactive waste treatment is suitable and there is serious improvement of technology, therefore systematic and precise oriented corrective efforts of public perception could be done. Transparency, intensive communication, and public participation that show responsible action for emerging mutual trust are basic of strategy that should be developed. High level public acceptance on utilization of nuclear technology is expected to be able for stimulating and supporting sustainable technology innovation culture. Key words: Cycle, Innovation Culture, Waste, Transparency, Trust. Susetyo Hario Putero, Haryono B. Santosa Jurusan Teknik Fisika, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

THE IMMOBILISATION OF KROM AND STRONSIUM WASTE USING NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT.

Cementation of hazardous liquid waste is one of the methods to minimize its detrimental effect on the environmental quality and human health This research purpose was to study the effect of natural fiber composition and temperature on quality of the cement block reinforced by coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fiber. This research was pursued by adsorbing stronsium waste and krom using zeolite. Thirteen percent volume of zeolite was mixed with 0,3 of water/cement ratio. Composition of natural fiber was varied by O,OOv/o, 0,05v/o, 0,1 Ov/o, O,25v/o, 0,50v/o, 0,75v/o and 1,00v/o. The cement blocks produced were heated at OOC,50°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C for 10 minutes and then determined their compressive strength and leaching rate. The optimum composition of natural fiber causing increasing of mechanical strength has been founded at 0.50% vlo of fiber On that composition the axial force resistance of fiber is higher than the radial one. The hydration reaction completely works when cement block is heated until certain temperature that results in the increasinJ! of its compressive strength. However, the compressive strength of cement block heated up to 250 C is still beyond the standard. Based on its compressive strength, the bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fiber is more feasible than coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber for reinforcing cement block. Heating just influences on the physics properties of cement block But, the ability of block cement to immobilize a matter is affected by properties of matters. Susetyo Haria Putero, Nunung Prabaningrum, Widya Rosita Jurusan Teknik Fisika, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PUBLIC IN THE PLANNING OF LONG TERM MANAGEMENT FOR NUCLEAR FUEL WASTES IN CANADA.

The generation of electricity from nuclear power has the consequence of producing some wastes that are radioactive, especially in the form of spent fuels which are classified as high level nuclear wastes. Nuclear fuel wastes must be managed properly in order to protect public and environment from its big potential hazard. One type of long term management for nuclear fuel wastes is the final disposal in a permanent storage. Bel.dllse of the importance of safety aspects for final disposal, it needs the involvement of government and the public to determine the reliability and the acceptance of final disposal concept. Those involvements can be implemented in some aspects such as regulation aspect, review and assessment process, and the public feedback. The evaluation on the plan of long term management for nuclear fuel wastes in Canada provides Indonesia an overview of its long term management plans for all radioactive materials, including nuclear fuel wastes generated from the nuclear power plant which is planned to be in service by 2016. Keywords: long term management, nuclear fuel waste, final disposal, the role of the government, the public feedback, regulation, review. Diah Hidayanti, Yudi Pramono Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Instalasi dan Bahan Nuklir - BAPETEN

CHALLENGE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE REGULATION FOR DEVELOPING THE FIRST NPP IN INDONESIA.

Eleclrical energy demand for encouraging industrial growth in the future rises rapidly. This condition should be supplied by sufficient electrical energy supply, both in quantity and quality. As mention in National Energy Policy 2003-2020, thai has been arranged by Energy and Mineral Resources Department, supplying national electrical demand conducted by diversification of electric generation. One of the options for generating electrical energy that will be built is nuclear power plant (NPP). Based on the program of National Energy Policy as mention above, it has been made a joined roadmap between Energy and Mineral Resources Department with Ministry of Research and Technology stated that the first nuclear power plant will operate in Indonesia in next 2016. Pro and contra always follow any practice of nuclear energy discourse, including the practice of nuclear energy for generating electricity through nuclear power plant. The property for building of Nuclear Power Plant has believe that, from investment sight, the cost for building of Nuclear Power Plant per unit is cheaper compare to conventional power plant. From the use of nuclear fuel, nuclear power plant is deemed more economize than coal and oil, so the cost of energy per kWh is much cheaper. Beside that, the residue as particulate and gas effluent is very safe for biosphere, so nuclear energy used to be called green energy. The opposition party as a lover of biosphere often resistant with nuclear power plant because it results long or very long half live radioactive waste and very dangerous for the safety of worker, the member of public, and the eternal of biosphere, and it will result in undue burden to the next generation. Nanang Triagung Edi Hermawan Direkloral Pengaluran Pengawasan Fasililas Radiasi dan Zal Radioaklif - BAPETEN

BLOOD UREA DBGRADED IN LAMBS FED NATIVE GRASS.

Potential blood urea degraded has been investigated to know the quality of dietary protein in lambs fed hammermilled hay ad lib.Hum or the hay supplemented, to supply 60 g crude protein, with formaldehyde-treated casein or lupin grain in a randomized-block design. Water was available ad libitum. Urea entry rates were measured by injecting 14c_urea into the jugular vein, and blood samples were collected at 15 to 120 minute intervals for 8 hours. Potential blood urea degraded increased with the protein supplementation up to double the control (P

BODY CotlPOSITION 0 •. SHEEP eIVEN SHULAR INTAKE BUT KKPT IN DI •.•. ERENT TIII!:RItAL ENVIItON!tENTS.

The thermal environments in known markedly influence the energy and water needs and balances in livestock. In this study, body composition of sheep was evaluated when they were fed with the same feed, both quantitatively and qualitatively, but kept in either 0,20 or 40oC. Fifteen mature ewes, 45 to 50 kg at the start of the experiment, were divided into three groups randomly and kept in individual metabolis cages in controlled ~emperature rooms ( 0,20, or 40°C) and were lit continuosly with fluorescent lights. A diet of 1000 g of pelleted feed was offered once daily at 1430 hour. The feed contained 79% roo led barley, 18% soybean meal, 1% limestone, 2% perma pell (pellet binder), and 0.002% of vitamin A, D and E mix (approximately equal to the maintenence requirement for the sheep in the cold treatment). Drinking water and a mineralized salt block were available ~«! jj,}!itum. The sheep were shorn at approximately six weekly interva Is and were weighed biweekly. After five months of acclimation, each sheep was injected with triated water (TOH) in order to estimate their. body composition. The diet had a moisture content of 13.7%, 17.5% crude protein and 15.3 I1J/kg of dry matter. Two sheep kept in 400C thermal environment were excluded from the trial due to an accident of a broken leg and a sickness which was not related to the trial. At the end of the trial, average liveweights were 50,66, and 70kg for animal group kept in 0,20 and 40oC, respectively. The respective groups had 14.1, 12.8, and 13.9% body protein contents, and they had 15.7, 27.5, and 16,8% body fat contents, prodtein contents, and they had 15.7, 27.5, and 16.8 , body fat content, and practical.ly they had 69.9, 59, and 68.8% body water contents. The warmer the thermal environment, the lower the biological halflife (Tl/2) (207, 157, and, 152 hours), the lower the retention of body water (12.4, 9.4, and 9.1 hours), and practically the higher body wat.er passage per-unit time (2.9, 4.6, and 6.0 litre/day). The data suggest that energy body reserves of animal kept in 20C thermal environments are most likely higher than those kept in others thermal environments. M.Winugroho*,Y. Saepudin**V.A. Walker*, B.A. Young*, dan* Departemen of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Alberta, Canada. ** Balai penelitian Ternak

"IKROBA PRaTIIM SYNTRISIZBD 1M THE RUMEN or SHIIP rID ON RICI STRAW.

In this experiment the amount of rumen microbial protein sunthesized in sheep fed on ureatreated
rice straw was estimated by applying 355. The treated rice straw WRS c~pared to feed ins of the untreated rice straw with direct urea flupplementation in the rUllen as control of the increase in nitrogen content in the treated straw. There was a 30 percent increase in amount of microbial protein beins synthesized, however, the efficiency in terms of per unit organic matter was similar. Andi Djajanegara*Balai Penelitian Ternak

"IKROBA PRaTIIM SYNTRISIZBD 1M THE RUMEN or SHIIP rID ON RICI STRAW.

In this experiment the amount of rumen microbial protein sunthesized in sheep fed on ureatreated
rice straw was estimated by applying 355. The treated rice straw WRS c~pared to feed ins of the untreated rice straw with direct urea flupplementation in the rUllen as control of the increase in nitrogen content in the treated straw. There was a 30 percent increase in amount of microbial protein beins synthesized, however, the efficiency in terms of per unit organic matter was similar. Andi Djajanegara*Balai Penelitian Ternak

COMPARISON BKTWKKN RADIOACTIVK AND NON-RADIOACTIVE RUTHENIUM AS PARTICULATK MARKKRS IN RUMINANTS.

A study on the use of radioactive or non-radioactive ruthenium (Ru) as a particulate marker has been carried out using sheep. The aim of the study was to see wether both markers could produce similar results in studying the digestive phisiology of ruminants. Both markers were mixed together in a solution and administered into the rumen of sheep through a fistula. The digestion rate of feed in the gastro-intestinal tract was observed from the change of marker concentration in samples collected from abomasum and faeces at a given interval after the markers were dosed into the rumen. It was found that both markers gave similar results particulary on the observations using faecal samples. The possible cause of the dis-crepancy between markers on the abservations using abomasal digesta are discussed. It could be concluded that one of the marker may be used and its selection depends on the purpose and budget available. B. Bakrie*, R.M. Murray**, dan J.P. Hogan**** Balai Penelitian Ternak. ** Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science., Australia *** Davies Laboratory, CSIRO., Private mail Bag., Australia.

RIPENINC PATTERN OF NONFLOWERING SUGARCANB KUTANTS.

The aim of this study is to know the influence of irradiation to sugarcane ripening characters, thus it can be used determine the harvesting time. This study conducted in crop year 1989 - 1990 at lowland in Pasuruan, used 25 sugarcane mutants and two test varieties in randomized block design. The result showed that the mutant of irradiation by 3- 5.5 Krad, generally has earlier ripening character with higher sucrose content than the original varieties. However, there are non changable ripening mutant with high sucrose content.Soepriyanto* Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia

EVALUATION ON PRODUCTION COItPONENTS OF UNFLOWERIKC SUGARCANE MUTANTS YIELDED FRot! GAttKA IRRADIATION.

To evaluate potential production of unflowering sugarcane mutans yielded from gamma irradiation, some production components were compared with its donor variety. The result showed that the missing of flowering character on irradiated sugarcane tends of press some of its production components. It was showed on shortening stem, minimizing stem diameter, reducing cane yield, sucrose content potential and sugar yield potential.Eka Sugiayarta; Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia

EVALUATION ON PRODUCTION COItPONENTS OF UNFLOWERIKC SUGARCANE MUTANTS YIELDED FRot! GAttKA IRRADIATION.

To evaluate potential production of unflowering sugarcane mutans yielded from gamma irradiation, some production components were compared with its donor variety. The result showed that the missing of flowering character on irradiated sugarcane tends of press some of its production components. It was showed on shortening stem, minimizing stem diameter, reducing cane yield, sucrose content potential and sugar yield potential.Eka Sugiayarta; Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia

ZPPECT OP GAMKA Co-GO IRRADIATION ON THE GROWTH AND DIOSGENIN CONTENT or CALLUS C. speciosus KOEN SIf.

Diosgenin can be isolated from the roots of C. speclosus. Callus from root explants also has a potential to produce diosgenin. This experi.ent was conducted to find a straint mutant callus with a higher potential to produce diosgenin than that the explant from mother plant. Calluses were irradiated with doses of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000 rad of gamma Co-GO rays. The effect of irradiation was studied by determining the callus growth index,diosgenin content of callus PO, PI, P2, and P3. Peroxidase isoenzymes pattern of callus PO, PB. P9. and PI0. The resul ts show that irradiation at 250 - 750 rad enhached the callus growth. The callus consisted of a small cells with a similira I form. High doses of irradiation i.e. at 3000 - 4000 rad have caused a necrotic and retarted callus growth. Most of the cells were swollen and others were broken. Diosgenin content of callus increases as irradiation doses increasing up to 750 2500 rad, however at doses higher than 3000 - 4000 rad diosgenin synthesis in callus, was ~nhibited. The highest diosgenin content (1.53 '%./g dry weight) e.g. 33.04 '%.higher than that of the parent callus. was found than the irradiation is done at 2500 rad. The growth and diosgenin content were higher and stable up to the 10th generations. Peroxidase isoenzymes patternt of the callus from B - 10 th generations were different from that of thea parent. It was found the mutan strain callus of C. Speciosus through irradiation by gammarays. The potential of the callus to produce diosgenin was higher than that of the explant from a mother plant. Norita Toruan* dan Mathius*. Pusat Penelitian perkebunan, Bogor

INDUCED tftJTATIOM ON SORGHUM.

Sorghum Cv. Keris was irradiated with gamma rays at dose of 60 Krad. Observation on total tillering and branching, length of internode, comparation of panicle. seed size, seed number per parnicle, and _Ie sterile were made ini M-l and M-2 generation. This trial was conducted at Breeding Group, Bogor Research Institute for Food Crops, in 1983/1984. A high yielding lines have
been found in M-3 generation.Sukarno Roesmarkam;Balai Pene1itian Tanaman Bogor

FATE OF N-URKA IN TEA PLANTS AND TEA SOILS IN IHDONE5IA.

A Serial research the use of N-urea in tea plants in Indonesia has been conducted frJm 1982-1985. The Nurea was detected in tea plants of young stage and in the soils (AndoBol, Regosol, Latosol, and Podzolik). The methods used in the researches were the conventional measurements for N losses in the from of a gas and of solution, and a tracer technique for naff in the soil profiles, in the whole plant part of young stage, and in the pluckable leaves of production stage. The conclusions of the researches are as follows: (1). In tea soils which have slightly acid reactions and rather high organic matter content, fertilizations with urea did not undergo too much losa due to volatilization and leaching Most of N-urea was lost as solution by run off when it was applied by broadcasting or were still remained in the soil profiles. (2). The Ndff for young unproductive tea plant was very much influenced by the prillling effect and soil characteristic which enhance the better growth of roots. The condition in which tea plant roots are growing vigorously, the competition of N-use in the soils is won by against plant soil microorganisms. (3). Ndff in the tea plants of early productive stage has been distributed about 70 ~ in leaf part and about 30 ~ in wooden part. (4). Time interval between two succassions of the fertilizer gift on productive tea plants using urea is better done at every 2,5 - 3 months. (5). The Ndff of tea plants of 6 - 15 years old has bean characterized by strongest uptake and slightest dilution effect.Zuhdi Sri Wibowo*Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan, Gambung

THE ABSORPTIOM or IKAZAPYR BY SEVBRAL SOIL WITH DIFrERBNT HOISTURBS AMD COMSTITUBNTS.

Imazapyr in one of the herbicide which very effective towards alang-alang. The influence of soil constituents and soil moisture towards soil absorption of imazapyr were studied at Long Ashton research Station using 14c_imazapyr. Twelve soils with clay content from 8 to 40%, organic matter content range fro. 0.238 to 8%, pH from 4 to 8, and Fe content from 0.005 to 0,147% were used in this study. Results showed thet the higher the organic content, and Fe content and the lower the pH the greater the soil adsorption of imazapyr. In the trials using batch slurry methods with excess water, it was found that there were no soil adsorption of imazapyr and several soils showed negative adsorption phenomenon. It shows that the high soil moisture, soil adsorption of imazapyr will be negligible and the herbicide will be very mobile. It was found also that Al content could increase imazapyr adsorption in soil from Sembawa. With careful considerations of those factor involved, the adsorption of imazapyr in the soil surface can be> predicted. *Tantono Subagyo; Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Sembawa