Xains Info: March 2009

SOME ABOUT absorption experiment RADIO-PHOSPHORUS BY AND VIGNA sinensis The impact on APHIS FABAE OF LIFE Parasites IS ON THE PLANTATION

In doing this experiment percabaan-affected by our experimental BJORLING (l) is an experiment about Vida faba and Aphis fabae Scop Principally, let Vida faba absorbing solution P-32 and kept alive over Aphis plants. Experiments following this complete research BJORLING (l) above, and include some of the experiment. MOH. AMIR B. Sc.;Seksi Entomologi, Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

POSSIBILITY OF USE OF GAMMA SINAR to raise Silk NATURAL PRODUCTION

The influence sinar-sinar the mengionisasi especially against bahan-bahan biologik in the ability to conduct genetic mutation, already since two years on uhan known (1, 2). To memfaatkan this basic knowledge, do in the radiation with gamma-rays in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) in the hope that can be produced its mutant-mutant of production (natural silk results) higher. Experiments on silkworm is done considering the interests of a very large community Indonesian natural silk production in the recent years. Interest is necessary to get a response and assistance, particularly from graduate-sariana Indonesia, as with this way the needs of the natural silk sebel umnya 100% in -impor from outside-negeri, in whole or in part can disuply of production in the country. Drs. DJOEMANTORO, Dokter Hewan Lektor Kepala Ilmu Kimia Medik Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan dan Peternakan Universitas Gajah Mada Y ogyakarta

BEBERAPA CATATAN MENGENAI......

PEMAKAIAN ISOTOP CARBON (C14) UNTUK MENGUKUR DAYA PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA. Produktivitos Primary dilaut speed is the result of changes in benda_benda anorganis fotosintese in the process undertaken by the phyto-plankton. Because phyto-plankton is the primary food chain dilaut, the measurement process can use a bookmark on the productivity of water resources. How the measurement of the carbon isotope (14 C) is considered to be the most practical, easy to be done, the results can be quickly and Indonesia dipercaya.Di the isotope dilaut this has started since 1957. results have been obtained shows that the power of productivity on this rival or even exceed the power of productivity diperairan-water areas are. This shows that the results raise the possibility of catching fish in Indonesia is high. APRILANI SOEGIARTO M.Sc dan ANUGERAH NONTJI B.Sc. Ahli Biologi dan Asisten biologi pada Lembaga Penelitian Laut Jakarta

PEMERIKSAAN AIR SULlNG, DWISULING DAN AQUA ....

DEMINERALISATA TERHADAP Cu, Mn DAN Na DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISA PENGAKTIPAN NETRON. Traces of Cu, Mn and Na had been determined in tap, distilled, doubl y distilled and demineral ised water using the neutron activation anal ysis technique. Both the water sample and the standard are irradiated in a Reactor with a flux of ± 1012n/em 2/sec. for 4 hours and after adding a Cu-Carrier and HCI, Cu is precipitated as CuS by H2S. Mn is precipitated together with the Mn carrier as Mn02 by oxidation with KCI03, of the filtrate from the Cu precipitation. Na is counted in the filtrate from the Mn precipita tion. The radioactivity of each of these elements is analyzed using a single channel gamma scintillation with a solid 21/2 x 21/2 inc, Nal (Thallium activated) crystal which serves as the detector. The double distilled water from a pyrex glass stil, prepared with the addition of KMnO4 and NaOH with the purpose to free pyrogens, shows to contain Mn and Na which are relatively high. There is possibility that these traces of metals are distilled over. The Na content of distilled water, stored in bottles of ordinary alkali glass is rather high which might be due to the leaching of the. bottle. The Cu content of distilled water, from a copper stil is relatively high which is thought to be due to dissolution especially of the copper condenser. TAN BIAUW SOEN, POEY SENG BOUW dan DJALI AHIMSA *) Laboratorium Rodiophormacy, Pusat Reektor Atom Bandung. Penyelidikon ini dibantu dengan grant dari DURENAS.

PENGUKURAN KOEFFISIEN ABSORPSI SINAR GAMMA

Gamma ray absorption coefficients in the brick has been measured, with the practice radium (in equilibrium with the results peluruhnya) as a source of illumination. In comparison with the results of previous works, has been measured absorption of gamma rays from radium in the reciprocal (Pb); enough berdekatan.Prasaran this the result is a new laparan introduction, so that completion of this experiment is still needed. Jr. PRIJANA M.Sc.;Laboratorium Radiostop Fakultas Ilmu Pasti dan Alam Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta

PENENTUAN KADAR ARSEN DALAM BERMACAM-MACAM

A method had been worked out for the determinotion of arsenic in tonics using the neutron radioactivation analysis technique. After irradiating the sample and the standard in a reactor with a flux of 1012 n/cm2/sec for two hours, it is extracted in dilute NaOH solution with heating to transform the arsenic into the soluble sodium arsenite and filtered. After adding arseniccarrier and dilute HCI to make the pH ±. 3, the arsenic is precipitated as As2S3 by H2S. The precipitate is weighed after washing with acetone and drying under an I.R. lamp, and the activity is analysed using a single channel gamma scintillation spectrometer in which a solid, 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 inch, Nal (Thallium activated) crystal served as the detector. The presence of Mn and Cu makes the analysis for arsenic rather high and in this case a further radiochemi cal separation has to be done.HITLER NATASUWARNA. POEY SENG BOUW dan DJALI AHIMSA;laboratori um Rodiopharmacy, Pusat Reaktor Atom Bandung.Penyelidikan ini dibantu dengan grant dari DURENAS.

FISIKA DOSIMETRI NETRON.

Dose measurements at a point that is located in the radiation field netron, the detector must be in accordance with the radiation field because the amount of energy absorbed detector is not only dependent on the flux netron, but also on the type of intraksi that occur between netran and atom-atom mater ; detektor.Salah just one way to ilustrasl dose measurements will be discussed with the thermal netron gamma detector film.Hasbuna Kifli;Tenaga tetap pada Departemen FLsika F.M.I.P.A. lnstitut Teknologi Bandung. Tenaga Part-Timer di Pusat Reaktor Atom Bandung.

Geoelectrical Measurements

Geoelectrical measurements obtain earth electrical condictivitY which gives information on subsurface structure. This method is suitable for horizontal-layering structure and is used as depth probe down to about 3000 meter. Interpretation of field data is done either directly or indirectly. The indirect method, based on curve matching, is used especially as a preliminary interpretation because it can be done relatively fast. A graphical plot between apparent resistivities and half current electrode distances is made from field data. Several field measurements have been made using the 4 - electrode configuration, either Schlumberger
or Wenner. Amm H. Nazif

Use of DIFFUSI IN Flow

Within the parameters of a petroleum reservoir can be measured as maybe. There are direct measurements, and there is not direct. No direct measurements to be based on a theoretical approach which is a calculation that baik. Ternyata from the continuity equation of flow and flow dynamics, pressure in the reservoir to meet equality diffusi. By itself responsible for the need to model both the boundary conditions. Some models apparently fit and already used in the usual technique and develop measurement lapangan.Tetapi model itself is still to be done now to approach the actual situation. Is the fisisi can help develop.Lilik Hendradjaya; Departemen fisika - Institut Teknologi Bandung

DOSIMETRJ DALAM. (In ternal Dosimetry).

Radioaktip substances-substances that enter into a biological body is eaten with, dihirup or absorbed through skin or wounds and live in the body that will meradiasi continuous the body. Core-core radioisotop that will be long-lived continuous meradiasi the body during his life. Measurement dosimetri in the body can ditaksir with radioaktip know the source distribution in the body and the mechanism of radiation damage (radiation damage) or can be done in a way vivo.Dari measurement in determining the valuation dosimetri price can be derived in the maximum permitted concentration (Maximum permissible concentration) of radioaktip oxygen-oxygen in the air and water. Roestan Roekmantara; Dept. Fisika ITB.

EKSPERIMEN DALAM SPATIAL FILTERING

An object, which is an image or a slide negatip a picture, placed in front a lens and disinari with parallel and coherent light from a laser. In the second focus area of this lens will be a Fourier analysis in two-dimensional distribution of intensity on the field object. Electric field in the field of focus is the Fourier transformation of the electric field in the object field. Fourier components that occur relate to the frequency of the space domain, frequency-frequency space is called the frequency or spatial frequencies. If on the field or area of focus this transformation put a barrier with a certain shape, we can remove the space frequency frequency-specific. This means that frequency-specific frequency is not forwarded to form the shadow end. As a result, shadows are going to be changed. This technique is called spatial filtering. With practice this technique, we can take the form of noise dots or parallel lines a periodic, such as television Raster image. Contranst of the image can also be improved. In this article discussed the basics of spatial filtering teoretik of the outline. Then discussed the description of the experiment. Last reviewed several experiments that can be done with the same equipment memeprgunakan. Sutrisno; Departemen Fisika, ITS.(Eksperimen ini dilakukan di LAPAN)

PENGUKURAN-PENGUKURAN LlSTRIK DARI FILM MONTMORILLONITE

"Electrical Measurements at Montr:norilionite Films" Montmorillonite ( a clay) films deposited on pure titanium have been shown to give . high protection against oxidation at Electrical Measurements at Montrnorilionite Films Montmorillonite ( a clay) films dl!posited on pure titanium have been shown to give . high protection against oxidation at high temperatures. The structural investigations and the preparations of the films are reviewed briefly. The DC current-voltage characteristic measurements for several different temperatures were done to determine the activation energy of conduction and the basic transport prosess at the material. And AC conductance and capitance meaSurements over the audio fre-quency range (100Hz - 20 KHz) at room temperature were needed to determine the dielectric constant and AC conductivitY characteristics. The Poole-Frenkel effect ob-servedin the material in the high field is also discussed.high temperatures.The structural investigations and the preparations of the films are reviewed briefly. The DC current-voltage characteristic measurements for several different temperatures were done to determine the activation energy of conduction and the basic transport prosess at the material. And AC conductance and capitance meaSurements over the audio fre-quency range (100Hz - 20 KHz) at room temperature were needed to determine the dielectric constant and AC conductivitY characteristics. The Poole-Frenkel effect observed in the material in the high field is also discussed. Zainul Astamar Tanisan.

CASH Neutral gauge THEORY AND MODEL IN LEPTON Interaction

In this paper the two terms are important in the development of the theory of weak interactions; namely the problem of the theory divergensi VA, and the possibility of the existence of new role neutral currents. Both problems can be more satisfactory in the framework of gauge field theory, the new version. As an example of this new approach has been discussed the formulation of Weinberg and Salam model, especially for the lepton. The discussion is followed by a comparison between the forecast and the results of experiments teoritik. Description This ends with a summary and response-response model of the WAS and the general development in this field. M.O. Tjia, Departemen Fisika ITB,

THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES CHANGES OF ESTER CELLULOSIC FILM ON THE LIGHT TRANSMISSION.

By modification of ester cellulosic materials, the manufactured films can be expected to absorb or reflect a specified light, which those films can be applied for certain needs such as green house, UV block film, so on. In this study, several materials based of ester celluloses have been synthesized and modified to be films or membranes. Properties of the light absorbance and transmission ofthose films in several light areas (190-380 nm, 380-780 nm, and 780-1100 nm) have then be analyzed systematically. The ester celluloses those synthesized by acid chloride methode have been obtained as powder, which are then poured into methylene chloride, stirred and evaporated to form fulldense films. The films formed from acetate cellulose, benzoate cellulose, and palmitate cellulose have following absorption percentation of light, especially, in ultraviolet region (190-380 nm) 16,5%, 38,7% and 48,9%, respectively. By the facts, it is known that the light absorptions of the films are depended on their chemical structure. Therefore, in our study now, we respect to study about the relationship between the light absorption/transmission and their chemical structures. Key words: Cellulose of palmi tat, cellulose ofbenzoat, cellulose oftriasetat, light transmission. Asep Riswoko Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Material (P3TM) - BPPT

BIOSYNTHESIS OF LACTIC ACID AS BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS.

Development of biodegradable plastic materials used renewable resources are expected. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the biodegradable plastic which was produced from renewable resources by fermentation of starch and chemical polimerization. One isolate of the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum was obtained from corn silage isolation and was homofermentative bacteria with lactic acid as the fermentation product. Lactic acid fermentation from corn starch medium was carried out by L. plantarum at room temperature and pH 6-6.5. Analysis of fermentation corn starch using HPLC and polarimeter showed that lactic acid fermentation by L. plantarum produced L(+) lactic acid. Productivity ofL( +)lactic acid was 2,6 mglml by the incubation of72 hours. This product will be followed by chemical polimerization to get polylactid acid (PLA). The technology process of PLA as biodegradable plastic will give an added value of com starch and can be competitive economically with the ordinary hydrocarbon plastics. Key words: Bioshyntesis, Polylactic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum. Lucia Indrarti, Elsy Rahimi dan Tati Pusat Penelitian Fisika (P2F) - LIPI

PREPARATION OF PTFE-g-DMAA GRAFT COPOLYMER FOR POLYMER BASE IN FUEL CELL MEMBRANE.

The preparation ofPTFE-g-DMAA copolymer has been done by using an irradiation simultaneous technique. The purpose of the work was to obtain a hydrophilic graft copolymer of PTFE-g-DMAA that can be used as a polimer base for making a polymer membrane electrolytes in a fuel cell system. The polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE) film was placed in a special designed glass ampoule that containing Di-methylacrylamide (DMAA) monomer and than it was irradiated under vacuum by gamma rays from a Co-60 source.It was found that the graft copolymerization can be only significantly proceeded in the presence of either ethyl acetate or acetone as a solvent. The kinetic study show that the initial grafting rate was proportional to 0.55 power of dose rate and the apparent activation energy was found to be 7.92 kcal/mole. The present age of water up-take was increase linearly with the degree of grafting and also the distribution of grafting chain in the PTFE film substrate suggest that the graft copolymer ofPTFE-g-DMAA was a hydrophilic one. Key words: Garft copolymer, polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE), di-methylacrylamide (DMAA). Mirzan T. Razzak1, Agus Salim I Sri YadiaP Adjat Sudradjat2,Ambiyah Soeliwarno2 dan Idrus Kadir J Fakuitas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jl. Ciputat Raya, Jakarta 2Puslitbang Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi (P3TIR) - BATAN Jl. Raya Cinere Pasar Jumat, Jakarta

MEMRANE SELLULOSEACETATE MADE WITH RADIATION OF POLYMER OMPOSITION, KIND OF SOLVENT AND CONCENTRATION OF ADDITIVE.

Flat membrane sellulose acetate made with variation of polymer composition, kind of solvent and amount of additive have been done. Solvents observed on these experiments were acetone, dimethyil acetamide and N, methylpyrrolidone with formamide as additive. Parameters observed were flux, rejection coefficient and molecular weight cut-off membrane. From results of experiments found that polymer composition, kind of solvent and amount of additive could influence membrane characteristic resulted. High polymer consentration will give low flux ofthe membrane, but coefficient rejection on the contrary. Membrane made with dimethyl acetamide solvent give the highest flux, but the lowest coefficient rejection. Higher amount of additive added to dope solution, higher flux of membrane resulted. Key words: Selulosa asetat, variasi komposisi, jenis pelarut, aditif, fluks, rejeksi. SyahrilAhmad Pusat Penelitian Kimia (P2K) - LIPI

NOVELHYDROCARBONPOLYMERFORSOLIDELECIROLYTEINDlRECfMETHANOLFUELCELL.

Many novel polymer electrolyte membranes were found to replace the Nafion membrane for using in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), in order to solve the problem offuel crossover (methanol crossover) in DMFC and also to reduce the cost production of solid electrolyte. Here we found the synthesis of copolymer membrane using the acrylonitrile and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid with DMF as a solvent. The copolymer membrane has a sulfonate to transfer a proton (H+) in fuel cell system. In this result we found that permeability ofthis copolymer will decrease during the addition of supporting electrolyte in various methanol concentrations. The surface of membranes was analyzed using SEM. These results must be usefully as polymer electrolyte to solve the problem of water control in high temperature offuel cell and also in direct methanol fuel cell. Key words: Fuel cell; methanol crossover; koefisien difusi; proton exchange membrane. Eniya Listiani DewP, Dani Endar Purwanto2, Dora Olivia2 dan RochmadF IPusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Material (P3TM) - BPPT Gd.IJ, Lt. 22, Jl. M H Thamrin 8 Jakarta 10340 2Laboratorium Teknologi Tinggi Polimer, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, UGM Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281

COPOLYMERIZATION LLDPE WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE WITHOUT INITIATOR IN LABOPLASTOMILL.

Nowadays LLDPE waste is contributing seriously to the environmental problems, and hence modification ofLLDPE to promote biodegradation is desirable. Several data indicated that to be biodegradable, the polymer chain must contain chemical bonds susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis or oxidation initiating the biodegradation process This research aimed to modifY LLDPE through copolymerization, to create hydrolysable and oxidizable functional groups along the LLDPE main chain. To create this function, copolymerization LLDPE with maleic anhydride without initiator in laboplastomill had been done. Copolymerization has been done at ISOaC with 60 rpm rotation. Analysis of functional groups and physical properties ofLLDPE before and after modification have been done by IR, UV, XRD, tensile strength and % elongation at break. FTIR and UV analysis indicated the occurrence of double bond, non-cyclic anhydride and keto acid at LLDPE main chain. Tensile strength 28%, melt indeks indeks 99%, elongation at break 203% and the degree of crystallinity increase 163% compare to the original LLDPE. It could be expected that this copolymerization might be one of an alternative way to modifY a synthetic polymer for possible biodegradation. Key words: LLDPE, Anhidrida maleat, Laboplastomi. Hasnah Muin Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta

Development of Polymer ADDITIVE

Three types of aditif: Antioxidant, slip and clarifying the lately a lot of different applications used in the polyolefin polymer discussed in this paper. Antioxidant role as a prophylactic radical formation and hidroperoksida The disclosed with the hope to provide an understanding of chemical substances-substances that can act as an Antioxidant. Antioxidant such as the type of commercial irganox 1010, irgafos PI68 and types of the other new and shows a combination of rapid growth in this industry aditif. Slip agent used most of the blown film applications. One of the plastic packaging which is very large in dikonsumsinya Indonesian. Currently the most widely used as an agent is oleamida Slip and urikamida. PE uriakamida use more often, because it has a high stability termallebih. In the past many also used stearamida and other wax, but this time have left because of the need coefficient of friction is lower. Aditif ago in the source this came from animal bones, but later, especially in Indonesia and other Muslim countries shifted to the vegetal source. Aditif third Clarifying the agent is covered or also known as Nucleating agent. Particularly widely used for Polipropilen kopolimer random. Both the application and Injection Molding Blow Molding. Aditif this substance can increase the transparency of the application Polipropilen so Extrusion stretch blow
molding, polymer Polipropilen a semikristalin can setrasparan PET packaging amorf on betel. The main source of aditif this is Sorbitol. However, until now only one supplier that is capable of aditif create this harmony with nature tranparasi and organoleptic nature. Last reviewed also about the legal aspects of the polymer, especially in aditif restriction through specific migration limits FDA-USA, while more emphasis on some extract maximum solvent with the condition specific. Asmu Wahyu Saptoraharjo; PT Tripolyta Indonesia

ADVANTAGES OF PVC -ITS MERIT-

Polyninyl chloride (PVC) was first manufactured in 1931 as a robust and lightweight new plastic. This breaktrought materials was brought about to substitute public lifelines such as water supply, sewage pipes, or Polyninyl chloride (PVC) was first manufactured in 1931 as a robust and lightweight new plastic. This breaktrought materials was brought about to substitute public lifelines such as water supply, sewage pipes, or power lines. It is also used in building materials such as sidings, flooring and roofing sheets, or parts for automobile and home electrical appliances. Consumer PVC products include food wraps, synthetic lather and stationary. As you can see, PVC is used in a vast range of applications to support everyday life. 25 mil1ion tons ofPYC is used around the globe today, both in industrialized and developing countries, due to its cost efficiency, durability, processability and resource saving features.power lines. It is also used in building materials such as sidings, flooring and roofing sheets, or parts for automobile and home electrical appliances. Consumer PVC products include food wraps, synthetic lather and stationary. As you can see, PVC is used in a vast range of applications to support everyday life. 25 mil1ion tons ofPYC is used around the globe today, both in industrialized and developing countries, due to its cost efficiency, durability, processability and resource saving features. Akira Kajigano; General Manager Environment & PR Department of VEC

NATURAL MATERIALS AS POTENTIAL Polymer Raw Material

Of the present plastic or synthetic polymer, the main raw material is oil, a material that is not can be renewed. Therefore, the need to search for new sources altematif, the natural plant material. Plastic materials derived from plants or green plastic in the country ahead of the start-poli laktat acid (PLA) and poli-hidroksi alkanoat (PHA) through the fermentation process, but the processes are still expensive, so the need to look for other ways. A natural polymer derived directly from the plant is natural rubber, cellulose from cotton, wood products, bamboo, rami, plants, fruit (pineapple, banana). Polymer is another source of marine and animal sources, such as shrimp, leather, crab skin, sheep wool and silk worm. Generally these products environmentally friendly. Indonesian have raw materials, but utilization of industrial products are still in the initial stage. N. M. Surdia Departemen Kimia, ITB