This paper discusses the processes and steps that Australia has taken to ensure that its replacement research reactor (including nuclear material) will be effectively protected against sabotage and theft. It also describes the legal basis of the Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office (ASNO), Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARP ANSA), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), and Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation (ASIO). The inter-agency process is also outlined. ASNO and ARP ANSA have responsibilities to satisfy themselves about the adequacy of the security system for ANSTO's replacement research reactor (RRR). ANSTO is responsible for preparing a security plan and for implementing the security system set out in this plan for the protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities against sabotage, damage, theft, loss or unauthorized use. Meanwhile, ASIa plays a key role in developing the threat assessment and aspects of physical security. The design process of RRR physical protection system is included in this paper. Andrew Leask and Nicholas Doulgeris; Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office, RG Casey Bldg, John McEwen Crescent, Barton, ACT 0221, Australia
