Safeguards issues are important andhave to be resolved in the early stages of development of nuclear power plant inIndonesia. Classical safeguards have the advantages of standardized and unifonn sets ofcriteria, thus avoiding charges of discrimination from the member states. However,rigidity in the safeguards requirements has served as disadvantages as well. Integratedsafeguards is a promising alternative, by introducing flexibility and differentiation in itsimplementation. The bases for the flexibility in judgements are proliferation capability,motivation and evidence. A process of detennining safeguards effort that is bothobjective and more adaptive and infonned will be important to the IAEA's ability tofulfill its mandate confidently over the longer tenn. This paper reviews currentsafeguards practices and examines how the Additional Protocol is shaping safeguardsfor the 2151 century by maintaining safeguards effectiveness while maximising itsefficiencies. Andrew Leask, John Carlson, Russell Leslie and Annette Bemman Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office, RG Casey Bldg, John McE1\'en Crescent, Barton, ACT 0221, Australia
